Whimpering is made by young chimpanzees as a form of begging or when lost from the group. Submissive individuals make "pant-grunts" towards their superiors. Grunting is made in situations like feeding and greeting. The most common call in adults is the "pant-hoot", which may signal social rank and bond along with keeping groups together. Chimpanzees use facial expressions, postures, and sounds to communicate with each other. They sleep alone in separate nests except for infants or juveniles, which sleep with their mothers. Chimpanzees build a sleeping nest in a tree in a different location each night, never using the same nest more than once. Among males, there is generally a dominance hierarchy, and males are dominant over females. Males remain in their natal communities, while females generally emigrate during adolescence. At the core of social structures are males, which patrol the territory, protect group members, and search for food. Both males and females sometimes travel alone. These groups may consist of any combination of ages and sexes. Chimpanzees live in communities that usually consist of around 20 to more than 150 members but spend most of their time traveling in small, temporary groups consisting of only a few individuals. On the ground, they move both quadrupedally and bipedally. In trees, they move by climbing vertically and by brachiation. They are at home both in trees and on the ground. Chimpanzees are highly adaptable animals.
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